Calculation capacitance for ripple smoothing
I/(2fy) where I=Amperage, f=frequency, and y (a lambda) is the peak to peak voltage of the ripple.
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Reverb Tank Codes
Resistor color codes
Ohm’s Law
Electrolytic capacitors and ESR - Equivalent Series Resistor.
Think of a capacitor as a PVC pipe with a rubber (like a balloon) diaphragm in the middle of it. The diaphragm stretches and releases with the raising and dropping of pressure, but no real water flows through it. Sometimes the rubber gets old and brittle, and starts letting water seep through. once it’s really shot, it’s pretty much just a clog in a pipe. The flow of electricity through a cap is the same. No direct current (DC) should be going through. Electrolytic caps have an oily substance between the parts, acting like the rubber. It dries out over the years, allowing DC to flow through. That is the basis for the debate on when to change them, and the reliability of some brands.